Kapitel

• FrontmatterMüller-Putz, Gernot R.; Steyrl, David; Wriessnegger, Selina C.; Scherer, Reinhold; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-00
• Working Memory As A Control Signal In A Fully Implanted Brain-Computer InterfaceBoom, Max van Den; Vansteensel, Mariska J; Aarnoutse, Erik; Pels, Elmar; Leinders, Sacha; Freudenburg, Zachary; Branco, Mariana; Denison, Timothy; Ramsey, Nick; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-01
• Detection Of Attention Alteration Of Bci Users Based On Eeg AnalysisAliakbaryhosseinabadi, Susan; Kamavuako, Ernest Nlandu; Jiang, Ning; Farina, Dario; Mrachacz-Kersting, Natalie; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-02
• Investigating Written Text Readability For Passive Bci Based Neuroadaptive Speed Reading ApplicationsAndreessen, Lena M.; Gerjets, Peter; Meurers, Detmar; Zander, Thorsten O.; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-03
• Electroencephalography (Eeg)-Derived Markers To Measure Components Of Attention ProcessingPichiorri, Floriana; Cincotti, Febo; Anzolin, Alessandra; Astolfi, Laura; Toppi, Jlenia; Riccio, Angela; Mattia, Donatella; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-04
• Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials At The Boundaries Of Visual PerceptionBerumen, Gustavo; Tsoneva, Tsvetomira; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-05
• Brain-Computer Interfacing With Emotion-Inducing Imagery: A Pilot StudyBigirimana, Alain Desire; Siddique, Nazmul H; Coyle, Damien; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-06
• Adaptive Spatial Filtering: Increasing The Effectiveness Of Motor Imagery Based BciBinias, Bartosz; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-07
• Controlling False Positives On A Bci Implant For CommunicationDenison, Timothy; Aarnoutse, Erik; Branco, Mariana; Freudenburg, Zachary; Pels, Elmar; Leinders, Sacha; Boom, Max van den; Vansteensel, Mariska; Ramsey, Nick; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-08
• Evaluation Of An Ssvep And Eye Gaze Hybrid BciBrennan, Chris; Mccullagh, Paul; Lightbody, Gaye; Galway, Leo; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-09
• Sigviewer - Current Status And Recent DevelopmentsBrunner, Clemens; Lin, Yida; Sajda, Paul; Faller, Josef; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-10
• Increasing Stroke Patients Motor Imagery Classification By Selecting Features With Particle Swarm OptimisationCantillo-Negrete, Jessica; Carino-Escobar, Ruben I.; Carrillo-Mora, Paul; Gutierrez-Martinez, Josefina; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-11
• Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation System For An Animal Model Of Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot StudyCasta¤o-Candamil, Sebastian; Mottaghi, Soheil; Coenen, Volker A.; Hofmann, Ulrich G.; Tangermann, Michael; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-12
• Subspace Decomposition In The Frequency DomainCasta¤o-Candamil, Sebastian; Tangermann, Michael; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-13
• Brain Computer Interface Based Communication In The Completely Locked-In StateChaudhary, Ujwal; Rana, Aygul; Malekshahi, Azim; Silvoni, Stefano; Birbamuer, Niels; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-14
• Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Improves Tactile Selective Attention Bci AccuracyChen, Mei Lin; Yao, Lin; Jiang, Ning; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-15
• Dimensionality Reduction For Bci Classification Using Riemannian GeometryRodrigues, Pedro Luiz Coelho; Bouchard, Florent; Congedo, Marco; Jutten, Christian; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-16
• Real-Time Fmri Control Of A Humanoid Robot Using Two Brain Networks Simultaneously: A Pilot StudyCohen, Ori; Fran‡ois, Keith; Koppel, Moshe; Kheddar, Abderrahmane; Malach, Rafael; Doron, Friedman; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-17
• Spatial Filters Selection Towards A Rehabilitation BciColamarino, Emma; Pichiorri, Floriana; Mattia, Donatella; Cincotti, Febo; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-18
• Guider: A Gui For Semiautomatic, Physiologically Driven Eeg Feature Selection For A Rehabilitation BciColamarino, Emma; Pichiorri, Floriana; Schettini, Francesca; Martinoia, Mara; Mattia, Donatella; Cincotti, Febo; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-19
• Time To Relax: No Effects To The Stress Response After Short-Term Use Of A Brain-Computer InterfaceCole, Amelia; Riecke, Bernhard; Antle, Alissa; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-20
• Sensory Threshold Electrical Stimulation Enhances Classification Of Motor ImageryCorbet, Tiffany; Iturrate, I¤aki; Pereira, Michael; Perdikis, Serafeim; Mill n, Jos‚ Del R.; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-21
• Affective Brain Computer Music Interfacing: A Case Study Of Use By An Individualwith Huntington?S DiseaseKirke, Alexis; Miranda, Eduardo; Daly, Ian; Ho, Aileen; Marcon, Julien; Hwang, Faustina; Williams, Duncan; Nasuto, Slawomir; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-22
• Improving Information Transfer Rate In Active BcisSa, Virginia de; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-23
• Towards A Non-Invasive System For Trans-Humeral Amputee Motion RestorationFernandez-Vargas, Jacobo; Kita, Kahori; Wenwei, Yu; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-24
• Bayesian Regression For Artifact Correction In ElectroencephalographyFiebig, Karl-Heinz; Jayaram, Vinay; Hesse, Thomas; Blank, Alexander; Peters, Jan; Grosse-Wentrup, Moritz; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-25
• Erp-Based Bci Training For Children With Adhd: Motivations And Trial DesignFouillen, M‚lodie; Maby, Emmanuel; Carrer, Lucie Le; Herbillon, Vania; Mattout, J‚r‚mie; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-26
• The Spectral Control Features Of A Bipolar Ecog Bci Implant Over Primary Hand Motor CortexDenison, Tim; Aarnoutse, Erik; Freudenburg, Zachary; Branco, Mariana; Leinders, Sacha; Pels, Elmar; Boom, Max van Den; Vansteensel, Mariska J; Ramsey, Nick; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-27
• Optimal Transport Applied To Transfer Learning For P300 DetectionGayraud, Nathalie T. H.; Rakotomamonjy, Alain; Clerc, Maureen; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-28
• How Many Electrodes Are Needed For Multi-Target Ssvep-Bci Control: Exploring The Minimum Number Of Signal Electrodes For Cca And MecGembler, Felix; Stawicki, Piotr; Volosyak, Ivan; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-29
• Investigating Music Imagery As A Cognitive Paradigm For Low-Cost Brain-Computer InterfacesGroáberger, Lukas; Hohmann, Matthias R.; Peters, Jan; Grosse-Wentrup, Moritz; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-30
• Closing One?S Eyes Affects Amplitude Modulation But Not Frequency Modulation In A Cognitive BciG”rner, Marius; Sch”lkopf, Bernhard; Grosse-Wentrup, Moritz; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-31
• Tactile Brain-Computer Interface Control Of A Mobile Platform In A Real World Environment Using A Low-Cost Electroencephalography HeadsetHalder, Sebastian; R„derscheidt, Johanna; Heá, Robin; Eck, Daniel; Schilling, Klaus; Kbler, Andrea; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-32
• P300 Speller Spp Implementation Using Web Development LanguagesHarnarinesingh, Randy; Syan, Chanan; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-33
• A Pleasant Auditory Brain Computer Interface Using Natural Environment SoundsHuang, Minqiang; Ian, Daly; Wang, Xingyu; Jin, Jing; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-34
• Improving Learning From Label Proportions By Reducing The Feature DimensionalityHuebner, David; Kindermans, Pieter-Jan; Verhoeven, Thibault; Tangermann, Michael; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-35
• Challenging The Assumption That Auditory Event-Related Potentials Are Independent And Identically DistributedHuebner, David; Tangermann, Michael; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-36
• Mixing Two Unsupervised Estimators For Event-Related Potential Decoding: An Online EvaluationHuebner, David; Verhoeven, Thibault; Kindermans, Pieter-Jan; Tangermann, Michael; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-37
• Preliminary Results Of Testing A Bci-Controlled Fes System For Post-Stroke RehabilitationIrimia, Danut Constantin; Poboroniuc, Marian Silviu; Ortner, Rupert; Allison, Brendan Zachary; Guger, Christoph; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-38
• Decoding Of Walking Intention Under Lower Limb Exoskeleton Environment Using Mrcp FeatureJeong, Ji-Hoon; Kwak, No-Sang; Lee, Min-Ho; Lee, Seong-Whan; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-39
• Towards A Cognitive Model Of Mi-Bci User TrainingJeunet, Camille; N'Kaoua, Bernard; Lotte, Fabien; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-40
• Feature Extraction Of Event Related Potential Based On Time And Frequency Domain AnalysisKaur, Gagandeep; Roma, Nandani; Bhattacharya, Bishakh; Sircar, Pradip; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-41
• Resting Eeg-Based Subject Identification System: A Practical Scenario For Offline AnalysisKim, Donghyeon; Kim, Kiseon; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-42
• Aphasia Rehabilitation After Stroke ? Why P300 Brain-Computer Interface (Bci) Training May Be BeneficialKleih, Sonja; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-43
• A Comparison Of Ocular Artifact Removal Methods For Block Design Based Electroencephalography ExperimentsKobler, Reinmar J.; Sburlea, Andreea I.; Mller-Putz, Gernot R.; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-44
• Decoding Hazardous Events In Driving VideosKolkhorst, Henrich; Burgard, Wolfram; Tangermann, Michael; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-45
• Passive Bci-Based Neuroadaptive SystemsKrol, Laurens R.; Zander, Thorsten O.; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-46
• Online-Capable Cleaning Of Highly Artefactual Eeg Data Recorded During Real DrivingKrol, Laurens R.; Zander, Thorsten O.; Jaswa, Matthew; Flascher, Oded; Snelting, Anne; Brouwer, Anne-Marie; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-47
• Non-Stationarity And Inter-Subject Variability Of Eeg Characteristics In The Context Of Bci DevelopmentKrumpe, Tanja; Baumg„rtner, Katrin; Rosenstiel, Wolfgang; Spler, Martin; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-48
• The P300 Bci: On Its Way To End-Users?Kbler, Andrea; Mller, Klaus-Robert; Guan, Cuntai; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-49
• Using A One-Dimensional Control Signal For Two Different Output Commands In An Implanted BciBoom, Max van den; Aarnoutse, Erik; Leinders, Sacha; Pels, Elmar; Vansteensel, Mariska; Branco, Mariana Pedroso; Freudenburg, Zac; Vermaas, Meron; Ramsey, Nick; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-50
• Can Feature Selection Be Used To Detect Physiological Components In P300 Based Bci For Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients?Liti, Chiara; Bianchi, Luigi; Piccialli, Veronica; Cosmi, Matteo; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-51
• Error-Related Potentials With Masked And Unmasked Onset During Continuous Control And FeedbackDias, Catarina Lopes; Sburlea, Andreea Ioana; Mller-Putz, Gernot; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-52
• Online Classification Accuracy Is A Poor Metric To Study Mental Imagery-Based Bci User Learning: An Experimental Demonstration And New MetricsLotte, Fabien; Jeunet, Camille; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-53
• Deep Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks For Classifying P300 Bci SignalsMaddula, Ramesh; Stivers, Joshua; Mousavi, Mahta; Ravindran, Sriram; Sa, Virginia de; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-54
• Brain Activation Map During Bci Communication In Complete Locked In StateMalekshahi, Azim; Rana, Aygul; Silvoni, Stefano; Birbamuer, Niels; Chaudhary, Ujwal; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-55
• Csp-Nn: A Convolutional Neural Network Implementation Of Common Spatial PatternsMaryanovsky, Daniel; Mousavi, Mahta; Moreno, Nathanial; Sa, Virginia de; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-56
• Tikhonov Regularization Enhances Eeg-Based Spatial Filtering For Single-Trial RegressionMeinel, Andreas; Lotte, Fabien; Tangermann, Michael; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-57
• Multi-Timescale Spectra As Features For Continuous Workload Estimation In Realistic SettingsMiklody, Daniel; Moessmer, Patrick; Dettmann, Thorsten; Klinkenberg, Kerstin; Blankertz, Benjamin; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-58
• The Impact Of Flow In An Eeg-Based Brain Computer InterfaceMladenovi?, Jelena; Frey, J‚r‚my; Bonnet-Save, Manon; Mattout, J‚r‚mie; Lotte, Fabien; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-59
• A Guided Task For Cognitive Brain-Computer InterfacesMoser, Julia; Hohmann, Matthias; Sch”lkopf, Bernhard; Grosse-Wentrup, Moritz; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-60
• Towards Elaborated Feedback For Training Motor Imagery Brain Computer InterfacesMousavi, Mahta; Sa, Virginia de; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-61
• Moregrasp: Restoration Of Upper Limb Function In Individuals With High Spinal Cord Injury By Multimodal Neuroprostheses For Interaction In Daily ActivitiesWilliamson, John; Schneiders, Matthias; Sciascio, Cecilia di; Mller-Putz, Gernot; Ofner, Patrick; Schwarz, Andreas; Pereira, Joana; Hessing, Bj”rn; Luzhnica, Granit; Veas, Eduardo; Stein, Sebastian; Murray-Smith, Roderick; Escolano, Carlos; Montesano, Luis; Rupp, Rdiger; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-62
• Movement Decoding From Eeg: Target Or Direction?Mller-Putz, Gernot; Peicha, Lukas; Ofner, Patrick; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-63
• Random Visual Evoked Potentials (Rvep) For Brain-Computer Interface (Bci) ControlNagel, Sebastian; Rosenstiel, Wolfgang; Spler, Martin; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-64
• Yes Or No? ? Binary Brain-Based Communication Utilizing Motor Imagery And FnirsRiecke, Lars; Goebel, Rainer; Nagels-Coune, Laurien; Kurban, Denizhan; Reuter, Niels; Benitez, Amaia; Goss‚, Louisa; Sorger, Bettina; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-65
• Passive Detection Of Feedback Expectation: Towards Fluent Hybrid Eye-Brain-Computer InterfacesKorsun, Olesya V.; Trofimov, Alexander G.; Nuzhdin, Yuri O.; Shishkin, Sergei L.; Fedorova, Anastasia A.; Kozyrskiy, Bogdan L.; Medyntsev, Alexei A.; Svirin, Eugeny P.; Dubynin, Ignat A.; Velichkovsky, Boris M.; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-66
• Visual Input Affects The Decoding Of Imagined Movements Of The Same LimbOfner, Patrick; Kersch, Philipp; Mller-Putz, Gernot; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-67
• Sparse Bayesian Learning For Multiclass Classification With Application To Ssvep- BciOikonomou, Vangelis; Liaros, George; Nikolopoulos, Spiros; Kompatsiaris, Ioannis; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-68
• Vibro-Tactile Evoked Potentials For Bci Communication Of People With Disorders Of Consciousness And Locked-In SyndromeOrtner, Rupert; Spataro, Rossella; Scharinger, Josef; Allison, Brendan Zachary; Heilinger, Alexander; Guger, Christoph; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-69
• Correlations Of Motor Adaptation Learning And Modulation Of Resting-State Sensorimotor Eeg ActivityOzdenizci, Ozan; Yalcin, Mustafa; Erdogan, Ahmetcan; Patoglu, Volkan; Grosse-Wentrup, Moritz; Cetin, Mujdat; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-70
• A Gaze-Independent Audiovisual Brain-Computer Interface And Its Application In Awareness DetectionPan, Jiahui; Li, Yuanqing; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-71
• Implanted Brain-Computer Interface Signal Stability Over TimeBoom, Max van den; Vansteensel, Mariska; Pels, Elmar; Aarnoutse, Erik; Leinders, Sacha; Freudenburg, Zachary; Branco, Mariana; Denison, Timothy; Ramsey, Nick; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-72
• Event-Related Potentials In Externally And Internally-Driven Target Selection: A Preliminary StudyPereira, Joana; Sburlea, Andreea Ioana; Mller-Putz, Gernot R.; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-73
• Bci-Assisted Training For Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation: Estimation Of Effects On Individual Brain Connectivity And Motor FunctionsPetti, Manuela; Pichiorri, Floriana; Toppi, Jlenia; Astolfi, Laura; Cincotti, Febo; Mattia, Donatella; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-74
• The Promot?R: A Successful Story Of Translational Research In Bci For Motor RehabilitationPichiorri, Floriana; Colamarino, Emma; Cincotti, Febo; Mattia, Donatella; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-75
• Peanut: Personalised Emotional Agent For Neurotechnology User-TrainingPillette, L‚a; Jeunet, Camille; Mansencal, Boris; N'Kambou, Roger; N'Kaoua, Bernard; Lotte, Fabien; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-76
• No Training, Same Performance!? ? A Generic P300 Classifier ApproachPinegger, Andreas; Mller-Putz, Gernot R.; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-77
• Approaches To Zero-Shot Stimulus Decoding In Ecog And Potential Bci ApplicationsMilsap, Griffin; Crone, Nathan; Ratto, Christopher; Caceres, Carlos; Roos, Matthew; Rupp, Kyle; Wolmetz, Michael; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-78
• The Brainhack Project: Arts Meeting Bci TechnologyHurley, Mairead; Mattia, Donatella; Riccio, Angela; V„ljam„e, Aleksander; Ongering, Jurre; Evers, Lucas; Alfano, Veronica; Roeser, Sabine; Smentana, Pavel; Ingardi, Irene; Boonstra, Marc; Girao, Luis Miguel; Cincotti, Febo; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-79
• Discretes Motor Imageries Can Be Used To Allow Faster DetectionRimbert, S‚bastien; Avilov, Oleksii; Bougrain, Laurent; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-80
• Measuring The Quality Of 3D Visualizations Using Eeg: A Time-Frequency ApproachAvarvand, Forooz Shahbazi; Bosse, Sebastian; Nolte, Guido; Wiegand, Thomas; Samek, Wojciech; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-81
• Brain-Computer Interfaces And Augmented Reality: A State Of The ArtSi-Mohammed, Hakim; Argelaguet, Ferran; Casiez, G‚ry; Roussel, Nicolas; L‚cuyer, Anatole; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-82
• Prediction Of Consciousness Recovery In Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome By A Vibrotactile P300-BciSpataro, Rossella; Heilinger, Alexander; Allison, Brendan; Bella, Vincenzo La; Guger, Christoph; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-83
• Spatial Filtering Of Eeg As A Regression ProblemSpüler, Martin; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-84
• Comparison Of Speed, Accuracy, And User Friendliness Between Ssvep-Based Bci And EyetrackerStawicki, Piotr; Gembler, Felix; Saboor, Abdul; Volosyak, Ivan; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-85
• Spelling In Parallel: Towards A Rapid, Spatially Independent BciStivers, Joshua; Sa, Virginia de; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-86
• Using Recurrent Neural Networks For P300-Based Brain-Computer InterfaceTal, Ori; Doron, Friedman; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-87
• A Ssvep Bci Based On Canonical Correlation AnalysisTalevi, Luca; Mondini, Valeria; Mangia, Anna Lisa; Lannocca, Maurizio; Cappello, Angelo; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-88
• Eeg-Based Graph Theory Indices To Support The Clinical Diagnosis Of Disorders Of ConsciousnessToppi, Jlenia; Astolfi, Laura; Risetti, Monica; Formisano, Rita; Mattia, Donatella; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-89
• Utrecht Neuroprosthesis: From Brain Signal To Independent ControlFreudenburg, Zac; Vansteensel, Mariska; Boom, Max van den; Vermaas, Meron; Aarnoutse, Erik; Leinders, Sacha; Pels, Elmar; Branco, Mariana; Ramsey, Nick; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-90
• Evaluation Of Bci Researchers? Opinions Regarding The Future Of Bcis: Results Of Bci Roadmap Questionnaire 2014Vansteensel, Mariska J; Aarnoutse, Erik; Kristo, Gert; Ramsey, Nick; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-91
• Headgear For Mobile Neurotechnology: Looking Into Alternatives For Eeg And Nirs ProbesLhmann, Alexander von; Soekadar, Surjo; Blankertz, Benjamin; Mller, Klaus-Robert; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-92
• Home Used, Patient Self-Managed, Brain Computer Interface For Treatment Of Central Neuropathic Pain In Spinal Cord Injury: Feasibility StudyVuckovic, Aleksandra; Al-Taleb, Manaf Kadum Hussein; Purcell, Mariel; Fraser, Matthew; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-93
• Improving Classification Performance Of A Brain-Computer Interface System Based On Rapid Serial Visual Presentation By Shifting StimuliWon, Dong-Ok; Hwang, Han-Jeong; Mller, Klaus-Robert; Lee, Seong-Whan; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-94
• Enhanced Csp Spatial Filtering For Improved Motor Imagery Bci Performance By Integrating The Sensation-Induced Neurophysiological PriorZhu, Xiangyang; Farina, Dario; Yao, Lin; Chen, Mei Lin; Sheng, Xinjun; Mrachacz-Kersting, Natalie; Jiang, Ning; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-95
• Applying Passive Brain-Computer-Interfaces In Autonomous Driving: A Case Of Taking Over ControlZhang, Xixie; Zander, Thorsten Oliver; 10.3217/978-3-85125-533-1-96